Design

Designing a Beautifully Lush, Dog-Friendly Garden

Thoughtful details can turn an ordinary backyard into the ultimate play space for people and pets

Fine Gardening – Issue 221
patio in dog friendly garden
There’s ample space for pets and people. If you think that a pet-friendly landscape means a backyard filled with brown-spotted turf and few—if any—interesting plants, think again. This expertly designed property is eye-catching to the human inhabitants and offers practical elements to keep the four-legged residents happy too.

dog in garden

Have you ever dreamed of cultivating a garden full of plants that are climatically out of your reach? I certainly have. Despite living in humid, subtropical North Carolina, I’ve often longed to fill my beds with shade plants native to the cool maritime conditions of the Pacific Northwest. But gardeners are dreamers, so we do what we can to create the landscape we desire within the challenges of our reality. When I first met Rod and Melissa, I knew they were also gardening dreamers. The couple had recently moved from Los Angeles to Charlotte with two Australian shepherds, a cattle dog, and a desire to craft a lush, Seattle-like garden filled with Japanese maples, conifers, and ferns.

Their chosen house was infill construction, common in larger cities across the country. The lot is scarcely half an acre. Sitting lower than surrounding houses in the back, there was little privacy. The resulting fishbowl feeling was uncomfortable to the homeowners and their pups, whose previous West Coast residence backed up to a protected natural area. A local landscape architect was initially hired to tame the slopes with retaining walls, to install a bluestone terrace, and to plant evergreens that would eventually provide some much-needed privacy and softness to the hardscape. Turf was also planted, but the three boisterous dogs quickly turned the lawn into a muddy mess.

It was at this point that the homeowners reached out to me. They had seen photographs of my design work and felt that my “Pacific Northwest meets the Southeast” aesthetic meshed perfectly with their dream for the property. Thus began a 10-year working relationship that has encompassed several phases, turning an overexposed urban lot into a magical oasis filled with plenty of pet-friendly details.

gravel path cutting through lush plantings
Plants and hardscape get equal billing. Although the garden beds are lush and extremely varied, they are beautifully framed by the gravel paths and clean stonework. This juxtaposition helps keep the exuberant softscape in check.

Making a small space seem bigger for the entire family

illustrated garden site plan
Illustration: Savannah Gallagher

At barely a half acre, this multifaceted garden has a lot going on despite its tiny footprint. The exaggeration of the longest sight lines helps elongate the space, while specific design details make this a garden filled with recreational opportunities (both human and canine).

  1. Patio
  2. Outdoor kitchen
  3. Horizontal privacy fence
  4. Pool
  5. Deep garden beds
  6. Side entry gate (with doggie window)
  7. Gravel paths
  8. Evergreen screen
  9. Ornamental spheres
  10. Emperor 1® Japanese maple

Strike a balance between abundant plantings and negative space

dogs on stone patio
No turf needed. The three furry family members of this household needed room for romping outdoors, but a lawn just turned them into mud wrestlers. Wide stone paths and a generous patio proved to be a better play-space option and was far less messy. Photo: courtesy of Jay Sifford

The backyard was the initial priority. This family had three active dogs, so a good amount of the garden footprint needed to be reserved for puppies to play. But indoor/outdoor pups covered in mud isn’t an ideal scenario. So instead of turf—which let’s face it, always looks a bit unkempt when you’ve got dogs—I lobbied to install wide gravel paths (photos, below). These obviously offered a way for people to move through the space, but they were also generous enough for the dogs to use as a playscape. The stone pathways provide a clean, crisp negative space to balance the densely planted, immersive garden beds. The owners wanted a lot of plant diversity, so without such wide, defined paths, the beds may have looked like a jumbled assortment. Although Melissa initially questioned the idea that dogs and gravel were a match made in heaven, she eventually agreed, and the concept ended up working perfectly. The gravel makes dog cleanup easy and gives the pups an area to frolic without causing damage to anything in the garden.

peastone path in front yard leading to gate
The gravel paths serve two purposes. In both the front yard (above) and backyard (below), generous peastone walkways allow visitors a clear way to enter and exit the garden. Metal edging keeps the loose stone in place, even when rowdy dog play occurs. Because of how big the paths are, the pups seldom feel the need to travel into the dense planting beds.

wide peastone walkway cutting through lush garden

Next came the planting plan. Even though the gentle curves of the metal edging that contained the gravel paths introduced some yin to the existing yang, the 90° angles of the brick walls flanking the property lines needed softening. Additionally, the garden needed to be laid out in a way that kept the eye low and moving, rather than wandering upward toward the neighboring houses. The design also needed to curb any canine desire to spend time inside the garden beds. And we needed to embrace Rod’s directive to incorporate specific plants that would create a Pacific Northwest vibe. The beds were heavily planted with an immersive tapestry of color and texture. The thick plantings also deterred romping canines. Low-growing juniper cultivars that are tolerant of light shade, such as ‘All Gold’ and ‘Blue Pacific’ (Juniperus conferta ‘All Gold’ and ‘Blue Pacific’, Zones 6–9), were planted because their needled foliage makes for unpleasant dog bedding. Strategically placed small trees, such as Japanese maples (Acer palmatum cvs., Zones 5–9) and large woody shrubs, also limit the room for running. Dog owners will notice over time, however, that their pets generally return to the same areas to do their business and mark their territories. Such was the case in this garden. One patch of sedge (Carex cv., Zones 3–9) consistently died due to repeated exposure to dog urine, so we eventually left the area open and mulched it.

concrete sphere at top of entry stairs
Decorative elements help the space seem deeper. The front of this property isn‘t that big, but by placing large, stonelike spheres at the entry of the garden (above) and smaller ones farther down the path, the illusion of greater distance is achieved. Where the walkway ends, an assortment of smaller spheres and architecturally pruned shrubs provides a shapely focal point that draws people down the length of the front planting bed (below).

garden bed with grasses, evergreens, and three concrete spheres

After the back garden was initially planted, the work moved out front. The first iteration involved sprucing up the foundation plantings and tackling the hillside that slopes toward the street. The homeowners wanted privacy from the noisy road, so some height was incorporated in a way that felt more interesting and inviting than austere and private. An existing Emperor 1® Japanese maple (A. palmatum ‘Wolff’, Zones 5–9) informed the plant palette, as did the black gutters and downspouts. I added several dusky-leaved plants to create drama and to pull the hue of the house’s architectural elements into the garden. That dark foliage was then juxtaposed with rhythmic masses of chartreuse ‘Everillo’ sedge (C. oshimensis ‘Everillo’, Zones 5–9) to add a dose of contrasting color (photo below right). Boulders were added to create a dialogue between the hillside bed and the lower stone wall. Finally, a peastone path runs along the uppermost portion of the bed and ends at a gate that separates the front and back gardens. The entry point even has a cutout near ground level so that the dogs can peer out.

repeating plants around stone patio and gravel walkway
Soften the edges and embrace repetition. In the backyard, angular brick walls run along the property lines and provide needed terracing. Lush plants of various shapes and textures help temper those harsh lines (left). In the front yard, the gravel pathway is laid out in sinuous curves, allowing pockets of repeating plants like ‘Everillo’ sedge to blur the crisp border between garden and walkway (right).

Exaggerate long sight lines to give a small footprint depth

Long sight lines were imperative, in the front garden as well as in the back. Out front, we used multiple stonelike fiberglass spheres, larger on the entry landing, smaller at the axial termination point of the street-facing bed. We interspersed these orbs with ball-pruned and conical boxwoods (Buxus spp. and cvs., Zones 5–9) for juxtaposition and to add some playful interest. Encountering a larger sphere up close with smaller spheres in the distance exaggerates the perception of space, making a small area feel larger and longer.

garden bench in shady part of garden
A shady spot ideal for sitting or scratching a furry friend behind the ears. This landscape is filled with seating areas, some more noticeable than others. Just inside the side gate is a corner of low light, filled with textural treasures and a comfortable bench. It’s the perfect place for respite from the summer Southern heat for both people and pets.

In the back, the garden was run diagonally in relation to the house and brick walls, capitalizing on the longest sight line. Tree-form ninebarks (Physocarpus opulifolius cvs., Zones 3–7) were installed on each corner of the brick wall to create rhythm through the space. Meaningful repetition is how we subconsciously connect to a space, pulling the eye along in a certain pattern. If the eye is kept moving through the garden, the larger it is perceived to be.

full-sun pollinator garden in front yard
Changing conditions can pose a challenge but also provide an opportunity. Sadly an aged large oak in poor shape had to be cut down several years ago, causing the front yard to receive more light. This allowed the planting of many sun-loving pollinator and wildlife-friendly trees, shrubs, and perennials, including the nativar ‘Midnight Masquerade’ penstemon (Penstemon ‘Midnight Masquerade’, Zones 3–8, below right).

close up of light pink penstemon flowers

While the main gravel paths emphasize the newly imagined long sight lines, they do curve around the corners of the home at either end of the backyard. Laying them out in this fashion employs another design trick to make the space feel larger: the mind of the viewer is challenged to imagine the spaces that could exist just out of sight. Adding curves also helps slow down the energetic pups, giving them a sort of cul-de-sac to turn around and head in the opposite direction, instead of hitting a full stop off a straightaway.

Thoughtful screening provides privacy and subtle containment

conifers in front yard for screening
Screening doesn’t have to feel imposing. Privacy was essential on this urban lot because the surrounding homes sit so close. In the back, a mix of conifers and deciduous small trees create a soft wall of green against the property line (below, right). In the front, a few select focal point woodies, including Emperor 1® Japanese maple, provide subtle separation from the street (above).

conifers and small tree make a green privacy wall in back yard

Most gardeners have discovered that gardens are not static but inevitably change over time, and this one is no exception. In the front, a large city-owned oak (Quercus cv., Zones 3–8) eventually succumbed to its age and was removed. This left the garden suddenly exposed to hot, intense afternoon sun. We took this change as an opportunity to plant lots of pollinator-friendly perennials, drawing more wildlife to the area. Adding more screening conifers to the surrounding area provided shelter and nesting sites for birds, and some of these additions even host harmless mites that are an important protein source for visiting hummingbirds (photos above and right).

black fence and chairs around pool
Black provides the perfect backdrop. An assortment of chartreuse foliage and white-flowered hydrangeas really pop against the dark-hued fence flanking one side of the pool. Charcoal and lime-green furniture and accessories adorn the patio and play into the overall color scheme of the whole garden.

The second big change that presented a design challenge was Melissa’s long-standing desire for a swimming pool and pavilion. The resulting construction meant removing a conifer garden that occupied the area under consideration. This addition also created an opportunity to reimagine the backyard privacy fence. The existing barrier was replaced with a horizontal-slat cedar fence that was stained black (photo below). The gaps between the boards bring a bit of airiness to the space while being tight enough to discourage neighborhood children from climbing the fence, an important consideration when a swimming pool is installed. The horizontal board arrangement keeps the eye low, as opposed to a more typical vertical design that pushes the eye upward, another trick to make a small space feel larger. Additionally, the black color causes it to recede, making the backyard feel roomier. It provides a dramatic backdrop for the planting scheme of dark green columnar yews (Taxus cv., Zones 4–7), white hydrangeas (Hydrangea paniculata cv., Zones 3–9), and chartreuse sedges (photo above). An important added benefit is that all of the fencing, walls, and subsequent plant screening keep the dogs within the property.

view of black fence with horizontal posts from pool patio
Safety and privacy, all in one package. Adding a swimming pool to the backyard meant reimagining the garden space yet again. A fence was a necessary element for safety, but by orienting the boards horizontally, the eye travels left to right instead of up and down. This helps draw attention away from the neighboring houses and back to the beautiful landscape.

This garden will inevitably continue to evolve. Rod’s passion for plants necessitates making room for new additions and reimagining vignettes. But at its core it will remain an enchanted space for both two-legged and four-legged visitors that seems more private and larger than it actually is. Every time I visit, I’m amazed at the magic and tranquility that the garden offers.


Ways to make pets feel welcome

It seems like we often talk about ways to keep our beloved pets out of our garden spaces, but we seldom think about ways to welcome them in. Simple details can be found throughout this beautiful space that are specifically aimed at making the resident doggies happy. Incorporating these elements lets four-legged family members know where they are allowed to roam and helps them feel more at ease.

Designated open spaces

small bare spot in garden bed with sign for dog

Whether it‘s a spot that gets constantly peed on or just an area that Fido likes to always lie in, keeping a few open spaces in your garden beds can help pets feel welcome and guide them to specific zones just for them (instead of squashing a prized perennial).

Peek-through windows

garden gate with openings

Many dogs are naturally curious about their surroundings, so enclosing them in a backyard without a window to the outside world can feel claustrophobic. A low opening in a fence or gate can help avoid destructive climbing and jumping by inquisitive pets.

Watering stations

dog water bowl next to outdoor beer fridge

Hydrated pets are healthy pets, so outdoor water bowls are a permanent fixture in this garden. An elevated holder helps keep blowing garden debris out of the water, while the placement next to the outdoor kitchen (and beside the beer fridge) always elicits smiles from visitors.


Jay Sifford is an award-winning garden designer residing in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Photos, except where noted: Danielle Sherry

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