The plants recommended in this article are very heat tolerant, but even the best-adapted plants need a little extra care when extreme heat strikes. Since heat can stress plants, and stress can lead to further problems, reducing that stress is paramount. Here are some ways to keep plants thriving through very high temperatures.
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Monitor soil moisture
Just like us, plants need extra water when the temperature rises. Give plants a long, deep drink, wetting the soil at least 6 inches deep. Check soil moisture regularly and watch for signs of water stress, such as wilting leaves. Consider using a soil moisture meter to accurately assess moisture levels.
Apply mulch
Mulch around plants to conserve water in the soil and to moderate soil temperatures. Use organic mulch such as leaves, wood chips, cocoa hulls, straw, or compost. These types of mulch decompose slowly and release nutrients into the soil while improving the soil structure.
Keep an eye on containers
Hanging baskets and containers dry out quickly. Check on the moisture of the soil twice a day during a heat wave, and water as needed. Water until liquid runs out of the drainage holes at the bottom. This helps to ensure you’ve reached the entire root system.
Throw some shade
Soil temperatures can also soar in containers. Move pots to the shade or use a shade cloth to help cool the soil. Sensitive plants in the ground can also benefit from shade cloth. Be sure to support the cloth above plants, avoiding contact with the foliage, which can cause leaf burn.
Skip the fertilizer
Heat stress slows photosynthesis and plant growth. Fertilizing during periods of stress not only is wasteful but can also lead to root burn. Resume regular fertilization when temperatures drop.
Avoid pruning edibles
While it may be tempting to remove wilting tomato leaves and other unsightly foliage, those leaves are shading developing fruits and interior plant structures. Wait until after the heat wave to prune.
Protect yourself too
Like plants, gardeners can also experience heat stress. Stay hydrated, and work in the cool of the morning or evening. Wear a hat, and lather on that sunscreen!
Kim Toscano is a horticulturist, entomologist, garden designer, writer, and graphic designer. She previously hosted Oklahoma Gardening, a weekly television program produced by the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service.
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