Northeast Regional Reports

Which Vegetables to Grow in Rocky Soil and Which to Avoid

Don’t let a few stones spell the end of your veggie garden—use these tips to grow your favorite crops

Swiss chard growing in a rocky vegetable garden
Greens like Swiss chard produce above the surface and aren't bothered by rocky soil.

Here in the Northeast, rocks are just a part of gardening life, and even if you are raising vegetables in an old garden (one that’s been well tended for decades), there will still be some rocks in the soil. You (as well as the tines on your pitchfork) can’t help but encounter them. However, there are still plenty of vegetables that you can grow well in these conditions. Here are some of them.

Vegetables That Grow Well in Rocky Soil


planting seed potatoes
Potatoes don’t mind growing around small stones.

Potatoes

It should be no surprise that potatoes are a natural choice for rocky or stony clay soil. Think of Ireland—a landscape that looks very much like our northeastern farmland where meadows and fields are lined with rock walls filled with stones removed from the soil. Potatoes also love our acidic northeastern soil. Just be sure to add plenty of compost, as any rocky soil will benefit from an annual refresh with compost—especially one made from leaves.

watering cans next to winter squash plants
Winter squash as well as other vining crops will be fine in our northeastern soil, and rocks may even provide some additional warmth.

Vining crops: Squash, pumpkins, and cucumbers

Anything that grows on a vine is another good choice for rocky soil. Vines have roots that can navigate around smaller rocks and stones. If you have some large rocks like glacial erratics or boulders that cannot be removed—no problem. The roots of these vining plants will not only navigate around or over them, but the rocks will provide added warmth to the soil in spring as well as aid in keeping the foliage dry, possibly delaying the inevitable fungal diseases these plants suffer from later in the season.

newly transplanted tomato plant
Tomato roots can easily grow around rocks in the soil.

Tomatoes, peppers, and greens

Nearly any vegetable that produces edible leaves—spinach, Swiss chard, or lettuce, as well as those that are grown to develop fruit, such as tomatoes and peppers—can grow well in rocky soil. Amending soil with plenty of organic matter will help these heavy feeders, so rather than removing rocks every spring, focus on adding more leaves to your compost pile. It will be your secret weapon for years to come.

Vegetables That Don’t Grow Well in Rocky Soil


There are also vegetables you’ll want to avoid growing in rocky soil—namely, those that should have long, straight roots, like carrots, parsnips, or horseradish. Rocky soil interferes with primary taproot growth and produces strange, twisted roots at best. Still, there are options when it comes to root crops. Various carrots form rounded, globe-shaped roots (like ‘Atlas’) that will grow fine in stony soil. Consider planting other rounded-root crops such as radishes, turnips, or rutabaga.

normal carrots next to carrots grown around rocks
Rocks can impede root vegetables like carrots from growing long and straight and may deform root structures. Photo: Steven Cominsky

For more information on veggie gardening in the Northeast, check out:

And for more Northeast regional reports, click here.

—Matt Mattus is the author of two books: Mastering the Art of Flower Gardening and Mastering the Art of Vegetable Gardening. He gardens in Worcester, Massachusetts.

Photos, unless otherwise noted: Matt Mattus

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