Noteworthy CharacteristicsThis is one of the most cold-hardy species. It may be grown as a single-stemmed specimen or as a multistemmed shrub. Flowers are good for cutting and drying.

CareGrow in moist but well-drained soil, in sun to partial shade. Blooms on current season's wood; may be cut back to a few buds to form a framework in spring to produce larger flowers, or alternately, allow to grow with minimal pruning.

PropagationSow seed in a cold frame in spring; take softwood cuttings in early summer, hardwood cuttings in winter.

ProblemsGray mold, slugs, powdery mildew, rust, ringspot virus, leaf spots